The number of these officers is huge and includes all levels, from the highest commander to the bottom. The number of officers in the brigade is as high as 3,000, and they are scattered in France, Germany and Denmark because one country cannot root them.
Now, after they returned to China, they soon formed a reform trend at all levels. They have reform ideas, and Zhu Jinglun gave them support. The large army in Calais did not form any organizational structure, and the senior generals can command the military level at most, that is, 10 thousand people
Usually, when you are stationed in various places to fight, you will temporarily appoint an officer commander to take control of the bureau. This is a bit like the company commander system in the early generation. At that time, the company commander was not a permanent position, but was temporarily set up. At the most time, Chang Yuchun and Xu Da served as veterans in the war, and later they became worthless and became permanent officers.
Because there is no permanent commander-in-chief or company commander, it is impossible to form a big deal in the army, and it is impossible for a general to form a warlord. It is difficult to have the strength to oppose Zhu Jinglun’s promotion of reform, and there are reformists infiltrating reform from beginning to end, let alone opposition.
In fact, the most important thing is that this reform has not affected people’s interests, and neither has anyone been demoted nor accepted.
The military reform of the institute was very smooth, and it did not form a hot topic of discussion. The people were not very happy because everyone did not know much about this officialdom. Because the army has always been Zhu Jinglun personally in charge of the civilian corps, it was a reform from the beginning.
I ordered the general office of Wenyuan to prepare for the establishment of the reform committee, and it will take a year to adjust the organization. This matter will not happen until it is slow.
Soon a reform committee composed of senior and middle-ranking officers was set up.
Wen Yuan is the general manager, Deng Shicai and other senior officers are the organizers, while other officers are the co-organizers.
During their study in Europe, they learned a lot of theoretical knowledge and had many discussions with each other. Now they have put a lot of notes on their experiences into practice, and they are enthusiastic about discussing them almost all night, hoping that they can not implement all their ideas overnight.
The general regulations were quickly taken out.
It is obvious that the large-scale military system can cope with large-scale wars. They think this is similar to the former military shortcomings of France, that is, it is too decentralized.
Before the Franco-Prussian War, France was mainly faced with a colonial war. During the years of colonial expansion, it has become a main security force to wipe out scattered guerrillas.
The main feature is that except for the Guards, there is no military and division establishment at ordinary times, and the troops are hastily formed in wartime. The division establishment root can not guarantee the proper coordination of the troops. This is a major mistake in the law.
Because there is no standing large corps, France has not made a thorough war plan in advance, and there are many mistakes in making a plan hastily, such as improper time limit for mobilizing and closing troops, lack of experience in large corps, and many mistakes in the closing movement of the French army.
It can be said that before the war, the French army was not an army that had been preparing for the war, and it was experienced in small-scale combat and ruled by large-scale tactics. This was the biggest reason for their failure.
Therefore, the large army needs to form a large corps, and the military region system is adopted.
Section five hundred and sixty-three Military reform 3
Dividing the country’s four provinces into four military regions and recruiting officers mainly in the local area will adopt the principle of ranking and maintaining the old principle of officers and men in different places.
From this point of view, these young and strong officers who presided over the reform have become mature and considered politics, otherwise Zhu Jinglun could not support them because the officers are all in the local area.
Each military region has a company commander who becomes a permanent official position, but can’t hold the post for life. This is because of the serious problem of seniority in the French army, which leads to a large number of military school graduates who have to mix qualifications with a group of rude people. The military level is full of old qualifications but no cultural marshal.
This article made Zhu Jinglun hesitate for a long time before agreeing, because this is obviously beneficial to the reformers and this group of young people returning from Europe, and there are also a group of rough people. For example, now Black Dog is not only a rough man but also a veteran. This reform is designed for him.
However, from a general perspective, it is essential for the army to be specialized and knowledgeable.
There are standing soldiers and reserve soldiers in every military region. It is not explained that the regular army reserve in active service keeps the officer structure at ordinary times, and the emergency recruitment of reserve soldiers in wartime can quickly form an organization and simple training can form combat effectiveness
Zhu Jinglun used political means this time, just a group of eliminated old officers have a place to go to the reserve, although there are fewer, their positions and status are still there.
The principle of a military region is that 100,000 people train 300,000 reserve soldiers at the same time in ten years, which can be expanded to 400,000 in wartime.
Therefore, the establishment of the army has become the commander, commander, brigade commander, battalion commander, sentry and captain of the military region.
There are staff officers at the army and brigade levels, but they are under the direct jurisdiction of the chief officer and are responsible for the staff officers.
The military command level is directly controlled by the General Staff, who is directly responsible to the emperor.
Keep the former logistics department, personnel department and finance department.
The logistics department is responsible for transportation and procurement, but now they have a new responsibility, that is, they have added a railway bureau in charge of docking with the railway department under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry, giving suggestions on railway construction, formulating railway transportation exercises in peacetime and taking over the railway directly in wartime.
The Ministry of Personnel manages the promotion of officers and other posts. The Ministry of Personnel is independent of military institutions and directly responsible to the emperor. Brigade officers must obtain the consent of the emperor, and the Ministry of Personnel can decide for itself.
The Ministry of Finance is responsible for editing and approving the budget, while the Ministry of Finance is under the control of the Ministry, but it has the power to directly ask the emperor for instructions. If necessary, it can ask the emperor to interfere with the Ministry’s appropriation, so as to prevent the suppression and hostility of the civilian government to the army, which is common in western countries, and to prevent the Chinese civilian regiment from oppressing military commanders with money.
After Zhu Jinglun’s approval, the detailed implementation rules will be worked out.
At this time, Zhu Jinglun was scared to death. These young men were so courageous that they almost drove all the old officers out of the army.
The biggest reason why they went abroad to study in those years was that they were all literate, and their educational level was actually not very high. It was because of these years’ study that most people made great progress, and when they came back, they couldn’t see those officers from the bottom.
Zhu Jinglun was not so bold. He intervened and corrected some of the items. It is really a way to complete literacy training until now. If Hou Jin is still in the army, he is the object of elimination, but the black dog can barely read official documents, except if he is kicked out according to the original reform plan.
The black dog was left behind, but a large number of officers with peasant army backgrounds were mostly kicked away. For example, Zheng Jin, who had been surrendered by the Da Hong Rebels, was the object of being removed. However, these young men did not have a good soldier, and they had to abolish those soldiers with peasant army backgrounds, otherwise Zhu Jinglun would not be able to stop.
Of course, the main reason is that even the armies of western countries are full of illiterate French officers’ anti-intelligence. The main reason is that they are illiterate or have a low level of education, and Prussia, Sweden and other countries have no anti-intelligence.
However, Crocker managed the Prussian army and also advocated peasant soldiers. Those officers from Crocker’s aristocratic background did not like city soldiers until World War I. They thought that city soldiers were too cunning to be honest. Rural soldiers made similar remarks from the German Chief of Staff Xiao Maoqi during World War I.
Therefore, no matter how you look at these soldiers, the peasants’ army soldiers are quite excellent soldiers.
Sure enough, reform always needs a group of frustrated people long ago, and Zhu Jinglun’s reform will not touch too much this time. As a result, a large number of old departments will still be abolished after the final details come out
To appease these frustrated people is not for fear of rebellion, but for human nature.
Zhu Jinglun, a brigade officer, personally met with three or four or five or six emotional people, telling them that it was really bad for the army to be unable to understand orders in the army. At the same time, he told them that it was not to change their posts, but to transfer to the reserve. They were busy in the reserve because they needed to recruit new recruits repeatedly in the next few years. This job may be permanent. The most important job after them is to train, and they don’t need to be able to read and write in official documents. They will be equipped with adjutant.
To put it mildly, in fact, these people are just going to retire after ten years.
In the military reform, the personnel changes are the most arduous, and the orderly and rapid promotion of a brigade and a brigade for rectification is the only benefit for those officers who have been transferred to the reserve. They have all returned to their respective hometowns, which is also considered to be a return home.
Zhu Jinglun has been worried that the mutiny will never happen, because the country is peaceful because of the high salary, and even if it is transferred, it will not cut the salary of the officers. They really can’t find the reason for mutiny, and even the mutinous soldiers will not follow.
In a word, there is no chance of unrest in the country’s stable politics, no compulsion, and no determination to defect. Of course, there must be complaints when Zhu Jinglun meets.
Not only did Black Dog keep his post, but he was also ordered by the commander of Guangdong Military Region to transfer him back from his long-term post of Fujian. He was also asked to lead the Hakka five pits and other military divisions for a long time, but to give him the most elite troops trained by soldiers from all over Guangdong.
After cutting the gordian knot for a month, the incident reform committee transferred a large number of old generals through various procedures and pulled out a large number of new ones. At most, they came back from Europe. When they left, they were probably a battalion officer who came back to be promoted to brigade commander. Not surprisingly, there were several promotion commanders, and the main reason for their promotion was that they published military papers in Europe and were recognized by everyone.
Obviously, I’m afraid there are a few talented and junior officers in this batch of officers, but they can’t be tested at the moment.
It is the most difficult to reorganize soldiers after the personnel changes of officers are completed.
The four military regions were divided in other places, and the Guangdong troops were transferred back to Fujian and the Guangxi troops were stationed. However, the Jiangxi military region troops needed to be recruited and rebuilt on a large scale, because the former Jiangxi was hardly incorporated into the old army, so the army had long been eliminated in the tug-of-war between the Xiang Army and the Taiping Army. Without Fujian, the local militia did not have a large number of green camp in Guangxi.
The Fujian army also needs more soldiers to recruit, but it is not easy to train officers, so a large number of Guangdong officers have been sent to Fujian. It is unacceptable that the Hakka armed forces in Wukeng, Guangdong Province, have all been placed under the Fujian Military Region. This reason has never been explained, but everyone knows that the fighting between Hakka and Guangdong natives for more than ten years has made it impossible to get married. The Hakka army can stay in Guangdong, which can lead to discord with other troops in the Guangdong Military Region.
At the same time, sending Hakka troops to Fujian also has the reason to supervise Fujian’s local forces. Although Hakka people are at odds with Guangdong natives, their loyalty is beyond doubt, because they are Zhu Jinglun’s starting army, like Xin ‘an Army, which is an elite old army. Fujian’s local troops are mostly from incorporated local militia groups, and the local color is very strong. Now, sending a large number of Guangdong officers can’t guarantee their stability, and they need supervision in the short term.
Doubting that you are running a local government may not seem authentic, but that’s a stupid saying of a scholar. Politics is a mistake. Zhu Jinglun won’t make such a mistake. He prefers to believe in a mechanism that allows no one to rebel, so that this mechanism can restrict the rebellion of some people, and then he might as well praise their loyalty in a high-profile way. This is politics!
A large-scale mobilization set up the framework of the military region system before the end of the year
However, it seems that the actual organizational structure has not changed much because the military establishment has not changed. Xin’ an Army, Xin’ an Army Five Pits Army or Five Pits Army have not changed their names because of their meritorious service. Therefore, the foundation has not changed. This large-scale mobilization has not caused chaos, but it is a military mobilization exercise
It is such a big mobilization that the organizational strength of the lower level has changed completely.
On the surface, the biggest beneficiary should be Xie Qi, the chief of staff, but no one will think that he can be in charge of the great military chief of staff like Mao Qi because there is an emperor in front of him who is much stronger than William I, king of Prussia!